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The Causes of Higher Mortality Rate of African Americans in Case of Overdose During the Third Wave of Opioid Epidemic
Konečná, Kateřina ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
Diploma thesis addresses the topic of the opioid epidemic in the United States and focuses on the causes of the higher rate of overdose deaths among African Americans during the third wave of the epidemic. The opioid epidemic has claimed nearly one million victims since its onset in the late 1990s. In the public sphere, it is often associated with the white part of the population, which was hit the hardest in the early years of the epidemic due to the over- prescription of opioid painkillers. As the epidemic evolved from prescription drugs to illicit drugs such as heroin and fentanyl, its negative impact has spread to the rest of the US population, disproportionately affecting minority African American communities. During the third wave, opioid overdose death rates among African Americans increased disproportionately. This thesis examines the reasons for the higher rate of overdose deaths among African Americans. The thesis argues that African Americans are dying of overdose more because of the criminalization of drug addiction and the unavailability of drug addiction treatment. Based on available studies and academic articles, there is evidence that African Americans are criminalized for drug offenses and crimes more than the rest of the population, and drug addiction treatment is less accessible...
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An Empirical Investigation of Wage Discrimination in Professional Football
Blaha, Jakub ; Kocourek, David (advisor) ; Jonášová, Júlia (referee)
Salary discrimination is a phenomenon that arises from ineffective behaviour of economic subjects. Even though its presence is incompatible with the the- ory of profit maximization, salary inequality still persists in the human society. Nevertheless, the investigation of this topic has been largely unheeded in the environment of professional football. In our empirical research, we use the most recent data to investigate the salary gap between white, African American and Hispanic players in the American Major League Soccer. Besides ordinary least squares method that focuses on the impact of ethnicity for the average player, we adopted the method of quantile regression to reveal wage gap between play- ers with below-average pays. Observing each player's performance for 3 seasons, we uncovered salary discrimination against African Americans and Hispanics in the lowest decile of the salary distribution that amounts to 18.9% and 15.3%, respectively. Furthermore, we utilized the difference-in-differences (DID) esti- mator to find no effect of the increasing level of invested money on the wage gap. JEL Classification J30, Z20, Z21, J71 J31 J15 Keywords discrimination, race inequality, football, quan- tile regression, OLS, wages, racism Author's e-mail kubablaha@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail kocourek.david@email.cz
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